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        <h1 id="绘图"   >
          <a href="#绘图" class="heading-link"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a><a href="#绘图" class="headerlink" title="绘图"></a>绘图</h1>
      <p>很多程序如各种小游戏都需要在窗口中绘制各种图形，除此之外，即使在开发JavaEE项目时，有时候也必须”动态”地向客户 端生成各种图形、图表，比如 图形验证码、统计图等，这都需要利用AWT的绘图功能。</p>
<span id="more"></span>


        <h2 id="组件绘图原理"   >
          <a href="#组件绘图原理" class="heading-link"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a><a href="#组件绘图原理" class="headerlink" title="组件绘图原理"></a>组件绘图原理</h2>
      <p>之前我们已经学习过很多组件，例如Button、Frame、Checkbox等等，不同的组件，展示出来的图形都不一样，其实这些组件展示出来的图形，其本质就是用AWT的绘图来完成的。</p>
<p>​    在AWT中，真正提供绘图功能的是Graphics对象，那么Component组件和Graphics对象存在什么关系，才能让Component绘制自身图形呢？在Component类中，提供了下列三个方法来完成组件图形的绘制与刷新：  </p>
<p>​    paint(Graphics g):绘制组件的外观；   </p>
<p>​    update(Graphics g):内部调用paint方法，刷新组件外观；   </p>
<p>​    repaint():调用update方法，刷新组件外观； </p>
<center>
<img src="https://pic.imgdb.cn/item/624f8976239250f7c53ce2b3.png">
</center>  

<p>一般情况下，update和paint方法是由AWT系统负责调用，如果程序要希望系统重新绘制组件，可以调用repaint方法完成。</p>

        <h2 id="Graphics类的使用"   >
          <a href="#Graphics类的使用" class="heading-link"><i class="fas fa-link"></i></a><a href="#Graphics类的使用" class="headerlink" title="Graphics类的使用"></a>Graphics类的使用</h2>
      <p>实际生活中如果需要画图，首先我们得准备一张纸，然后在拿一支画笔，配和一些颜色，就可以在纸上画出来各种各样的图形，例如圆圈、矩形等等。</p>
<center>
<img src="https://pic.imgdb.cn/item/624f8a4a239250f7c53e443a.jpg">
</center> 

<p>程序中绘图也一样，也需要画布，画笔，颜料等等。AWT中提供了Canvas类充当画布，提供了Graphics类来充当画笔，通过调用Graphics对象的setColor()方法可以给画笔设置颜色。</p>
<p><strong>画图的步骤：</strong></p>
<p>1.自定义类，继承Canvas类，重写paint(Graphics g)方法完成画图；</p>
<p>2.在paint方法内部，真正开始画图之前调用Graphics对象的setColor()、setFont()等方法设置画笔的颜色、字体等属性；</p>
<p>3.调用Graphics画笔的drawXxx()方法开始画图。</p>
<p>其实画图的核心就在于使用Graphics画笔在Canvas画布上画出什么颜色、什么样式的图形，所以核心在画笔上，下表中列出了Graphics类中常用的一些方法：</p>
<div class="table-container"><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>方法名称</th>
<th>方法功能</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>setColor(Color c)</td>
<td>设置颜色</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>setFont(Font font)</td>
<td>设置字体</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawLine()</td>
<td>绘制直线</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawRect()</td>
<td>绘制矩形</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawRoundRect()</td>
<td>绘制圆角矩形</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawOval()</td>
<td>绘制椭圆形</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawPolygon()</td>
<td>绘制多边形</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawArc()</td>
<td>绘制圆弧</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawPolyline()</td>
<td>绘制折线</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fillRect()</td>
<td>填充矩形区域</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fillRoundRect()</td>
<td>填充圆角矩形区域</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fillOval()</td>
<td>填充椭圆区域</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fillPolygon()</td>
<td>填充多边形区域</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>fillArc()</td>
<td>填充圆弧对应的扇形区域</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>drawImage()</td>
<td>绘制位图</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div>
<p><strong>案例：</strong></p>
<p>​    使用AWT绘图API，完成下图效果</p>
<center>
<img src="https://pic.imgdb.cn/item/624f8ad7239250f7c53f2613.jpg">
</center>

<p><strong>演示代码：</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><div class="table-container"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs java"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.awt.*;<br><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.awt.event.ActionEvent;<br><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.awt.event.ActionListener;<br><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> java.util.Random;<br><br><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">SimpleDraw</span> </span>&#123;<br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> String RECT_SHAPE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;rect&quot;</span>;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">final</span> String OVAL_SHAPE=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;oval&quot;</span>;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Frame frame = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Frame(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;这里测试绘图&quot;</span>);<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Button drawRectBtn = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Button(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;绘制矩形&quot;</span>);<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Button drawOvalBtn = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Button(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;绘制椭圆&quot;</span>);<br><br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//用来保存当前用户需要绘制什么样的图形</span><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String shape=<span class="hljs-string">&quot;&quot;</span>;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> MyCanvas drawArea = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> MyCanvas();<br>    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">init</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>&#123;<br><br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//为按钮添加点击事件</span><br>        drawRectBtn.addActionListener(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ActionListener() &#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span><br>            <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">actionPerformed</span><span class="hljs-params">(ActionEvent e)</span> </span>&#123;<br>                shape = RECT_SHAPE;<br>                drawArea.repaint();<br>            &#125;<br>        &#125;);<br><br>        drawOvalBtn.addActionListener(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ActionListener() &#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">actionPerformed</span><span class="hljs-params">(ActionEvent e)</span> </span>&#123;<br>                shape = OVAL_SHAPE;<br>                drawArea.repaint();<br>            &#125;<br>        &#125;);<br><br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//定义一个Panel，装载两个按钮</span><br>        Panel p = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Panel();<br>        p.add(drawRectBtn);<br>        p.add(drawOvalBtn);<br><br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//把panel添加到frame底部</span><br>        frame.add(p,BorderLayout.SOUTH);<br>        <br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//设置画布的大小</span><br>        drawArea.setPreferredSize(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Dimension(<span class="hljs-number">300</span>,<span class="hljs-number">200</span>));<br>        <span class="hljs-comment">//把画布添加到frame中</span><br><br>        frame.add(drawArea);<br><br>        frame.pack();<br>        frame.setVisible(<span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);<br>    &#125;<br><br>    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">main</span><span class="hljs-params">(String[] args)</span> </span>&#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> SimpleDraw().init();<br>    &#125;<br>    <span class="hljs-comment">//1.自定义类，继承Canvas类，重写paint方法</span><br><br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyCanvas</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Canvas</span></span>&#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span><br>        <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">paint</span><span class="hljs-params">(Graphics g)</span> </span>&#123;<br>            Random r = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Random();<br><br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (shape.equals(RECT_SHAPE))&#123;<br>                <span class="hljs-comment">//绘制矩形</span><br>                g.setColor(Color.BLACK);<br>                g.drawRect(r.nextInt(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>),r.nextInt(<span class="hljs-number">100</span>),<span class="hljs-number">40</span>,<span class="hljs-number">60</span>);<br>            &#125;<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(shape.equals(OVAL_SHAPE))&#123;<br>                <span class="hljs-comment">//绘制椭圆</span><br>                g.setColor(Color.RED);<br>                g.drawOval(r.nextInt(<span class="hljs-number">200</span>),r.nextInt(<span class="hljs-number">100</span>),<span class="hljs-number">60</span>,<span class="hljs-number">40</span>);<br>            &#125;<br><br>        &#125;<br>    &#125;<br>&#125;<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></figure>



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